Dynamic optimization is a field of study within mathematics and engineering that focuses on finding the optimal solution for a problem that evolves over time. This can include problems with changing variables, constraints, and objectives that require continuous decision-making to reach an optimal outcome. Dynamic optimization is commonly used in areas such as control systems, economics, and operations research, where finding the best solution in real-time is crucial for success. Methods used in dynamic optimization include dynamic programming, optimal control theory, and stochastic optimization. By considering the constantly changing nature of the problem, dynamic optimization allows for more efficient and effective decision-making processes.